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More references are listed in the “Clinical entries” of the Biomedical Database.

Antibacterial Activity of crotalid venoms against oral snake flora and other clinical bacteria. J. infect. Dis. 164: 195-198

1991
Talan, D. A., D. M. Citron, G. D. Overturf, B. Singer, P. Froman, E. J. C. Goldstein

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Morphologie des Giftapparates bei den japanischen Fischen. 12: Über den Giftapparat bei Xesurus scalprum (Cuvier et Valenciennes). Yokohama Med. Bul. 6: 171-178

1955
Tange, Y.

Improvement of Malayan cobra (Naja naja sputatrix) antivenin. Toxicon 21: 75-79

1983
Tan, N. H.

The use of enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitaion of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom and venom antibodies. Toxicon 30: 1609-1620

1992
Tan, N. H., K. H. Yeo, M. I. N. Jaafar

The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 45: 609-1096

1965
Taylor, E. H.

Miscellaneous notes on Mexican snakes. Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull. 25: 239-245

1939
Taylor, E. H., H. M. Smith

The past and possible future spread of africanized honeybees in the Americas. Bee World 58: 19-30

1977
Taylor, O. R.

Geographical distribution of Viperidae, Elapidae and Hydrophiidae in Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 21: 383-397

1974
Taylor, R. T., A. Flores, G. Flores, R. Bolanos

Histamine poisoning (scombroid fish poisoning): an allergy-like intoxication. Clin. Toxinol. 27: 225-240

1989
Taylor, S. L., J. E. Stratton, J. A. Nordlee

Allergy by ingestion of seafood. In Tu, A. T.: Marine toxins and venoms. Handbook of natural toxins. Vol. 3. Marcel Dekker, New York: 149-183

1988
Taylor, S. L., R. K. Bush

Neurologic sequelae of domoic acid intoxication due to the ingestion of contaminated mussels. New Engl. J. Med. 322: 1781-1787

1990
Teitelbaum, J. S., R. J. Zatorre, S. Carpenter, D. Gendron, A. C. Evans, A. Cashman, N. R. Gjedde

An international outbreak of type E Botulism due to uneviscerated fish. J. Infectious Diseases 161: 340-342

1990
Telzak, E. E., E. P. Bell, D. A. Kautter, L. Crowell, L. D. Budnick, D. M. Morse, S. Schultz

Molecular Phylogenetics and Morphometrics Reveal a New Endemic Jumping Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Metlapilcoatlus) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 55 (2): 181-191

2021
Tepos-Ramírez, M., O. Flores-Villela, J. A. Velasco, C. P. Lara, O. R. García Rubio, R.C. Jadin

Evolution of coagulation abnormalities following Russell’s viper bite in Burma. Brit. J. Haematol. 65: 193-198

1987
Than-Than, Khin-Ei-Han, R. A. Hutton, Myin-Lwin, Tin-Nu-Swe, R. E. Phillips, D. A. Warrell

Contribution of focal haemorrhage and microvascular fibrin deposition to fatal envenoming by Russell’s viper (Vipera russelli siamensis) in Burma. Acta trop. 46: 23-38

1989
Than-Than, N. Francis, Tin-Nu-Swe, Myint-Lwin, Tun-Pe, Maung Maung-Oo, Soe-Soe, R. E. Phillips, D. A. Warrell

Haemostatic disturbances in patients bitten by Russell’s viper (Vipera russelli siamensis) in Burma. Brit. J. Haematol. 69: 513-520

1988
Than-Than, R. A. Hutton, Myint-Lwin, Khin-Ei-Han, Soe-Soe, Tin-Nu-Swe, R. E. Phillips, D. A. Warrell

Immunological aspects of snake venom research. In Tu, A. T.: Handbook of natural toxins. Vol. 5, reptile venoms and toxins. Marcel Dekker, New York: 495-527

1991
Theakston, R. D. G.

Enzyme immunoassay for assessing the value of tourniquets and antivenom treatment. XIIIth International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Nov. 29-Dec. 4, 1992, Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand. Abstracts: 220-221

1992
Theakston, R. D. G.

Antivenoms: a list of hyperimmune sera currently available for the treatment of envenoming by bites and stings. Toxicon 29: 1419-1470

1991
Theakston, R. D. G., D. A. Warrell

Venom antibody levels in a patient bitten by a young puff adder (Bitis arietans) during a world record attempt. Ann. trop. Med. Parasitol. 79: 305-307

1985
Theakston, R. D. G., G. B. Wyatt

Treatment of snake bites by Bothrops species and Lachesis muta in Ecuador: Laboratory screening of candidate antivenoms. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 550-554

1995
Theakston, R. D. G., G. D. Laing, C. M. Fielding, A. Freire Lascano, J.-M. Touzet, et al.

Effectiveness of Zagreb antivenom against envenoming by the adder, Vipera berus. Lancet I: 121-123

1976
Theakston, R. D. G., H. A. Reid

Use of enzyme immunoassays to compare the effect and assess the dosage regimens of three Brazilian Bothrops antivenoms. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 47: 593-604

1992
Theakston, R. D. G., H. W. Fan, D. A. Warrell, W. D. D. da Silva, S. A. Ward, H. G. Higashi, BIASG

Micro- ELISA for detecting and assaying snake venom and venom-antibody. Lancet II: 639-641

1977
Theakston, R. D. G., M. J. Lloyd-Jones, H. A. Reid

Envenoming by the Common krait (Bungarus caerulaeus) and Sri Lankan cobra (Naja naja naja): efficacy and complications of therapy with Haffkine antivenom. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 84: 301-308

1990b
Theakston, R. D. G., R. E. Phillips, D. A. Warrell, Y. Galagedera, D. T. D. J. Abeysekera, P. Dissanayaka, A. de Silva, D. J. Aloysius

Bacteriological studies of the venom and mouth cavities of wild Malayan pit vipers (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 84: 875-879

1990a
Theakston, R. D. G., R. E. Phillips, S. Looareesuwan, P. Echeverria, T. Makin, D. A. Warrell

Scorpion envenoming by Parabuthus is a public health concern in Namibia. Toxicon, Volume 270

2026
Theart, F., C. Buys, S. Lagneau, P. Berg

Development of renal function abnormalities following bites by Russell’s vipers (Daboia russelii siamensis) in Myanmar. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 85: 404-409

1991
Thein-Than, Tin-Tun, R. E. Phillips, Myint-Lwin, Tin-Nu-Swe, D. A. Warrell

Reptilia, Elapidae, Bungarus niger: Distribution extension and first record for the state of Uttarakhand, India, with notes on snakebites in the Gori River valley. - CheckList: 4: 404–409.

2008
Theophilus, E., Captain, A., Tillack, F. & U. Kuch

Prognostic significance of clinical grading of patients envenomed by Bothrops lanceolatus in Martinique. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92: 542-545

1998
Thomas, L., B. Tyburn, J. Ketterlé, T. Biao, et al.

Early infusion of a purified monospecific F(ab')2 antivenom serum for Bothrops lanceolatus bites in Martinique. Lancet 347: 406

1996
Thomas, L., B. Tyburn, J. Lang, J. Ketterle

Phylogeography of the Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) complex in relation to variation in the colour pattern and symptoms of envenoming. Herpetological Journal 17: 209-218.

2007
Thorpe, R.S., C.E. Pook, A. Malhotra

Severe tetrodotoxic fish poisoning. Anaesth. intens. Care 16: 215-217

1988
Tibballs, J.

The effects of antivenom and verapamil on the haemodynamic actions of Chironex fleckeri (box jellyfish) venom. Anaesth. Intens. Care 26: 40-45

1998
Tibballs, J., D. Williams, S. K. Sutherland

Fatal cerebral haemorrhage after tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) envenomation. Med. J. Aust. 154: 275-276

1991
Tibballs, J., R. D. Henning, S. K. Sutherland, A. R. Kerr

Venomous snakes and animals on the Golan Heights and in adjacent areas. UNDOF, Medical Branch

1984
Tiedemann, F., G. Grillitsch, K. Weithaler, A. Mikusch

Observations on the bite of the Mozambique spitting cobra (Naja mossambica mossambica). S. Afr. med. J.: 308-313

1982
Tilbury, C. R.

Acute renal failure following the bite of Burton’s carpet viper Echis coloratus Günther in Saudi Arabia: Case report and review. Saudi. med. J. 8: 87-95

1987
Tilbury, C. R., M. M. Madkour, D. Saltissi, M. Suleiman

Observations on the bite of the southern burrowing asp (Atractaspis bibronii). S. Afr. med. J. 75: 327-331

1989
Tilbury, C. R., W. R. Branch

A new species of pitviper of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America. Zootaxa 4656 (1): 099–120

2019
Timms, J., J. C. Chaparro, P. J. Venegas, D. Salazar-Valenzuela, G. Scrochi, J. Cuevas, G. Leynaud, P. A. Carrasco

The biology of the Gila monster. In Bücherl, W., E. E. Buckley: Venomous animals and their venoms. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York: 387-413

1971
Tinkham, E. R.

Bites by the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) in Myanmar: successful treatment of severe neurotoxic envenoming. Quart. J. Med. 80: 751-162

1991
Tin-Myint, Rai-Mra, Maung-Chit, Tun-Pe, D. A. Warrell

Renal ischaemia, transient glomerular leak and acute renal tubular damage in patients envenomed by Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli siamensis) in Myanmar. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 87: 678-681

1993
Tin-Nu-Swe, Tin-Tun, Myint-Lwin, Thein-Than, Tun-Pe, J. I. S. Robertson, B. J. Leckie, R. E. Phillips, D. A. Warrell

Anaphylaxis after contact with a jellyfish. J. Allergy clin. Immunol. 75: 672-675

1985
Togias, A. G., J. W. Burnett, A. Kagey-Sobotka, L. M. Lichtenstein

Clinical perspectives on seabather’s eruption, also known as “sea lice”. J. Amer. med. Ass. 269: 1669-1672

1993
Tomchik, R. S., M. T. Russell, A. M. Szmant, N. A. Black

Risk of anaphylaxis in patients receiving betablocker drugs. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 81: 1-3

1988
Toogood, J. H.

Venomous snakes of medical importance in the Philippines. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., L. M. Chou: Snakes of medical importance (Asia Pacific Region). Venom and Toxin Research Group, National University of Singapore: 463-469

1990a
Toriba, M.

Venomous snakes of medical importance in Korea. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., L. M. Chou: Snakes of medical importance (Asia Pacific Region). Venom and Toxin Research roup National University of Singapore.: 377-386

1990b
Toriba, M.

Venomous snakes of medical importance in Japan. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., L. M. Chou: Snakes of medical importance (Asia Pacific Region). Venom and Toxin Research Group, National University of Singapore: 323-347

1990
Toriba, M., Y. Sawai

Puntura di scorpione (Euscorpius sp.) in Italia e rassegna dello scorpionismo. Minerva med. 81: 137-145

1990
Torregiani, F., C. La Cavera

Epidemiological and clinical studies of accidents due to Bothriurus scorpions in the region of Araquara, São Paolo. Abstracts. IVth Pan American symposium on animal, plant and microbial toxins (IST), July 27-31, 1992. Toxicon 31: 175

1993
Torres, E. M.

On the species of Scorpaena living in the Black sea (Pisces, Scorpaenidae). Natura-Soc. It. Sc. Nat. 61: 231-234

1970
Tortonese, E.

A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298 (2013): 77-105

2013
Townsend, J., M. Medina-Flores, L. Wilson, R. Jadin, J. Austin

Partition d’Echis ocellatus Stemmler, 1970 (Squamata, Viperidae), avec la description d’une espèce nouvelle. Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 167: 13-34

2018
Trape, J. F.

Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa. Zootaxa 2236: 1–25

2009
Trape, J. F., L. Chirio, D. G. Broadley, W. Wüster

Atractaspis microlepidota, A. micropholis et A. watsoni en Afrique occidentale et centrale. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France, 119: 5-16

2006
Trape, J.-F., Y. Mane, I. Ineich

Scorpion envenomation in Michigan: three cases of toxic encounters with poisonous stow-aways. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 23: 8-11

1981
Trestrail, J. H.

Lionfish sting experiences of an inland poison center: a retrospective study of 23 cases. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 31: 173-175

1989
Trestrail, J. H., Q. M. Al-Mahasneh

The efficacy of antivenom in the treatment of bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni). Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 322-325

1995a
Trevett, A. J., D. G. Lalloo, N. C. Nwokolo, S. Naraqi, et al.

Failure of 3,4-diaminopyridine and edrophonium to produce significant clinical benefit in neurotoxicity following the bite of Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni). Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 444-446

1995b
Trevett, A. J., D. G. Lalloo, N. C. Nwokolo, S. Naraqi, et al.

Report of recovery from taipan bite. Med. J. Aust.: 514-516

1969
Trinca, J. C.

The rough-scaled snake (Tropidechis carinatus), a dangerously venomous Australian snake. Med. J. Aust.: 801-809

1971
Trinca, J. C., J. J. Graydon

Hyponatraemia, rhabdomyolysis, alterations in blood pressure and persistent mydriasis in patients envenomed my Malayan kraits (Bungarus candidus) in southern Viet Nam. Toxicon 56: 1070-1075

2010
Trinh, K. X., Q. L. Khac, L. X. Trinh, D. A. Warrell

Venoumous animals and the treatment of animal poisoning. Pickanet Publishing, Bankok:

1979
Trishnananda

Puffer poisoning in Japan-A case report. J. Forensic Sci. 25: 240-245

1980
Tsunenari, S., Y. Uchimura, M. Kanda

Venoms: chemistry and molecular biology. 1. Composition of snake venoms: nonprotein components. J. Wiley & Sons, New York: 5-19

1977
Tu, A. T.

Scorpions found in Turkey and a paraspecific action of an antivenom produced with the venom of the species Androctonus crassicauda. Türk ijiyen ve tecrübi biyologji dergisi 24: 153-155

1964
Tulga, T.

A new species of viper (Reptilia, Viperidae) from the Altay and Saur Mountains, Kazakhstan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 17 (2): 110-120

2010
Tuniyev, B., G. Nilson, C. Andrén

Two new species of vipers of "kaznakovi" complex (Ophidia, Viperidae) from western Caucasus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 8 (2): 117-126

2001
Tuniyev, B. S., S. V. Ostrovskikh

Description of a New Species of Shield-Head Vipers - Pelias olguni sp. nov. from Basin of Upper Flow of the Kura River in Turkey. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (4): 314-332

2013a
Tuniyev, S. B., A. Avcı, B. S. Tuniyev, A. L. Agasian, L. A. Agasian

On the Taxonomical Status of Steppe Viper from Foothills of the South Macroslope of the East Caucasus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 20 (2): 129-146

2013b
Tuniyev, S. B., N. Orlov, B. Tuniyev, A. Kidov

King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bites in Myanmar: Venom antigen levels and development of venom antibodies. Toxicon 33 (3): 379-382

1995
Tun-Pe, Aye-Aye-Myint, D. A. Warrell, Tin-Myint

Bites by Russell’s vipers (Daboia russelii siamensis) in Myanmar: effect of the snake’s length and recent feeding on venom antigenaemia and severity on envenoming. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 85: 804-808

1991
Tun-Pe, Ba-Aye, Aye-Aye-Myint, Tin-Nu-Swe, D. A. Warrell

Acute and chronic pituitary failure resembling Sheehan’s syndrome following bites by Russell’s viper in Burma. Lancet I: 763-767

1987b
Tun-Pe, D. A. Warrell, Tin-Nu-Swe, R. E. Phillips, R. A. Moore, Myint-Lwin, C. W. Burke

Field trial of efficacy of local compression immobilization first-aid technique in Russell's viper (daboia russelii siamensis) bite patients. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 31 (2): 346-348

2000
Tun-Pe, Sann-Mya, Aye-Aye Myint, Nu-Nu Aung, Khin-Aye-Kyu, Tin-Oo

Envenoming by Chinese krait (Bungarus multicinctus) and banded krait (B. fasciatus) in Myanmar. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91: 686-688

1997
Tun-Pe, Tin-Myint, Aung-Htut, Than-Htut, Aye-Aye-Myint, Nu-Nu-Aung

The efficacy of tourniquets as a first aid measure for Russell’s viper bites in Burma. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 81: 403-405

1987a
Tun-Pe, Tin-Nu-Swe, Myint-Lwin, D. A. Warrell, Than-Win

Anaphylaxis to a component of isoetharine (sodium bisulfite). J. Amer. med. Ass. 248: 2030-2031

1982
Twarog, F. J., D. Y. M. Leung

The snakes of Malaya, 3rd ed. Singapore National Printers: 167

1983
Tweedie, M. W. F.